IMMENSE DEMONSTRATION.
INAUGURATION, OF THE STATUE OF FEARGUS
O'CONNOR AT NOTTINGHAM.

MONDAY was a great day for Nottingham—indeed for all England, for on that day the Statue the working-men of Nottingham erected to their departed champion, was inaugurated.  The statue, of Darley Dale stone, is the work of Mr. Robinson, a sculptor of Derby.  It does him the highest credit.  Admirable as a likeness, correct in detail, it is, as a work of art, an ornament to the town, and, as an evidence of political gratitude, an honour to the country.  It is situated in the Arboretum, or public garden of the town, which is, next to the Market-place, the most commanding site that could have been selected, and where the spot was granted by a vote of the Town Council, although after great opposition and long discussion.  The statue rises on the highest point in the grounds, forms one of the most conspicuous objects of the magnificent park in which it stands, and is elevated on a commanding pedestal.  On the base is inscribed "Feargus O'Connor, M.P. Erected by his Admirers. 1859."  On the opposite slope; obliquely fronting the statue, stand the two Russian cannon which the Government presented to the town of Nottingham.  Of the beauty of this public park, it is hardly possible to speak too highly, no other provincial town having such a public promenade.  On Monday that beauty was turned into grandeur by the assembling of a stupendous concourse of the working classes, who gathered to be present at the inauguration.  It is difficult to estimate their numbers, as the masses were frequently broken by the shrubs and flower-beds which they surrounded, making them appear like islands of verdure in a living sea; there could not, however, have been fewer than from 12,000 to 15,000 persons present.  The Times, and other daily papers, describe the multitude as "a vast concourse."  The numbers would have been far larger, however, had not the most assiduous steps been taken to prevent it.  The Arboretum Committee forbade the delivery of any address on the unveiling of the statue, and, although some railroad companies had promised to run special trains for the occasion, and even gone so far as to advertise them, at the last moment they rescinded their resolutions, and nothing could induce them to appoint such trains.  Had the meeting been for any exhibition of servility or adulation to the railway classes, every railroad would have provided the alluring facilities.  Had not these obstacles been thrown in the way, there would probably have been a much larger assembly present; but, as it was, the gathering proved to be one of the most noble that ever honoured a public commemoration of the kind in a provincial town, and the prohibition as to delivering an address, was, of course, a dead letter.

    Shortly after two o'clock, the committee, with Mr. Ernest Jones, on whose right and left were Mr. Henry Wilson and Mr. Robinson, the sculptor, entered the Arboretum, and, on presenting themselves beneath the statue, were loudly cheered.  At the same moment the veil was removed from around the monument amid deafening acclamations.  Mr. Marriott opened the proceedings by a few brief but pertinent remarks, and concluded by calling on Mr. Jones to address the assembly.  The latter gentleman, on mounting the pedestal of the statue, was received with enthusiastic cheering, renewed again and again.  When silence was restored, he spoke as follows:—

    "Fellow-countrymen,—The statue we inaugurate this day commemorates two facts—the greatness of a man, and the greatness of a people.  You have placed this stone here to honour O'Connor.  Men of Nottingham! you have done honour to yourselves!  You have done honour to all England.  It commemorates not only the merit of the dead, it commemorates the worth of the living.  It tells two tales:—the one, that there is still political gratitude among the people—that noblest of all virtues—that virtue which honours the dead, from whom no more can be hoped; and encourages the living, from whom their all is still to be expected.  But let us turn from the marble to the man.  You mighty thousands who surround this monument, what do you gaze at?  A perishable stone?  No! you are looking at truths eternal as the world, that shall be higher and stronger still when this granite has crumbled into dust.  We honour the man who builds a perishable temple.  A Tite is famed for erecting the palace of usury; the name of Wren has risen with the aspiring dome of St. Paul; and Michael Angelo still sanctifies the glories of St. Peter.  Si quæis moumentum, eircumspice.  But how much more should you honour the man who is departed!  Granite and marble perish, however nobly built.  The Zealander shall seek for the site of St. Paul's, and St. Peter's shall mingle its dust with the ashes of the Capitol.  Not so with the work of O'Connor—he was the architect of truth—he built not with bricks or stone, but with the thoughts of man; and he who erects fabrics in the human mind, raises a monument more. . .

. . . durable than can be fashioned from the mountain's granite heart.  There were many, in his lifetime, who assailed the departed patriot—some, more cowardly and no less cruel, attacked him after death.  Their shafts recoil harmless from this recording stone.  He worked for us, he lived for us, he died for us; he joined us rich—he left us poor.  The manufacturer, the landlord, the banker, and the merchant, leave their millions behind them, and are honoured by servile generations.  They got their wealth from the poor—he got his poverty from them.  He bequeathed no wealth, but died in utter penury—the noblest attestation of his honest life.  Yet what am I saying?  He died rich, immeasurably rich, if riches can be measured by the legacy he bequeathed.  He left no acres, and no mills—no temples, and no palaces; but broad domains in the field of knowledge, fructified by his intellect, and fortified by his energy.  He taught the English people truths they but obscurely knew before.  There are some who have said: 'Granting his honesty, his was still a wasted life.  He toiled, and strove, and suffered—and what good has it done to him or unto you?  He drew the workman from his toil, from his wages, and from his home; he plunged him in the stormy sea of agitation—and what result has come?  Beware, then, working men! how you follow the beckoning of the agitator.'  Ah! the poor false reasoner!  I tell you, never was a truth propounded that did not make the world richer than it was before.  It never dies, though its utterer may perish piecemeal; and, though no fruit may seem to grow from its teaching, it has leavened mankind none the less, and the great heart of humanity will swell sooner or later with that germ of truth, and flash some bright new glory on the world!  Christ died in obloquy and martyrdom, but Christianity mounted from His ashes.  Believe me, no great man has ever toiled and perished, without doing good.  To such men, to hopeless martyrs, who passed unrecognised and perished unaided, we owe—aye! every liberty we have—free press, free speech, free meeting, the right of petition, union and combination, religious toleration, the right of possessing arms, and trial by jury—things we think little of, because we are born to their daily use; but let any one touch the smallest of them, how dearly, how preciously, you would value them!  These things, all these, we owe to the O'Connors of other days.  Had it not been for the Wickliffes and the Hampdens, the Russells and the Pyms and the Cromwells of the past, you dared not have stood here this day.  Had it not been for men like O'Connor, and for none more than him, the liberties your fathers conquered, you would not have kept.  I know no man who has done more for humanity.  You must not measure a man's life by the successes of other ages, but by the difficulties of his own; and none of England's heroes had such difficulties to contend with as beset O'Connor.  That which was common in the days of Sidmouth and Castlereagh, is impossible now.  Thank O'Connor, and the kindred spirits who worked in the same path, and seemed to pass away without results produced.  Trades unions and combinations are unassailable by law.  Thank the political agitators who frightened tyranny from violence, and yet sank themselves!  The noble army of martyrs is the most victorious host that ever saw the light.  Here stands the effigy of one of its noblest soldiers.  Illustrious seedsmen, who never gather the harvest they sow: but time developes it; through the spring-time of tears and sorrow it grows over their graves; it ripens to the smiles of hope, till other and far later generations celebrate the happy harvest time.  How few then think of the good old seedsman of the bygone day!  You have remembered him.  This monument is the record of a people's truth.  This monument is a foundation stone of coming freedom.  It gives the advanced minds of our country confidence in you,—confidence that there are qualities worth struggling for in England's people—confidence that a people which can honour the memory of the dead, will struggle for the emancipation of the living.  And now to him, the subject of this day's celebration, let us pay the homage due, and with uncovered heads bow in solemn silence to the memory of O'Connor."

    Every head was uncovered at the words, and that stormy approbation which even the solemnity of the scene had failed to repress, sank in sudden silence, while many an eye glistened and many a heart beat quick at the impressiveness of that magnificent and overpowering spectacle.

    The Arboretum Committee having forbidden even a dinner or tea-party to be held in the grounds or buildings, Mr. O'Connor's friends assembled at four o'clock at a banquet in St. George's Hall.  The large T-shaped table occupied all the Hall, and was completely crowded.  Mr. Taylor, of the Arboretum, provided the repast, and for elegance of arrangement and choice of viands, the entertainment was deserving of the most unqualified commendation.  Mr. Ellerthorn occupied the chair at the banquet.  The memory of Feargus O'Connor, and the healths of the Committee . . . .

. . . and sculptor were drunk, the first in solemn silence, all the company rising.  An admirable brass band performed during the dinner, and some vocal music enlivened the proceedings.  Mr. Taylor and Mr. Marriot offered a few remarks.

    After the banquet, the public was admitted, and the room was soon filled.  Mr. Dean Taylor was called to preside, and made a forcible and eloquent speech.  Mr. George Harrison then addressed the meeting; after which the chairman called on Mr. Ernest Jones, who, on rising, was greeted with a perfect storm of applause, and spoke for nearly an hour.  The company did not separate till a late period.  A letter was read from Mr. Thomas Allsopp, expressing that gentleman's deep regret at being unable to attend.

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    COMMEMORATIVE DINNER OF THE FRAMEWORK KNITTERS, CIRCULAR BRANCH.—This trade resolved to celebrate the day by a dinner, and a social meeting afterwards.  Mr. Ernest Jones, in response to the invitation with which this body had honoured him, attended and delivered an address, which was much applauded.  A resolution was unanimously passed, thanking the Nottingham Committee for having erected a statue to the memory of O'Connor.  A true and healthful spirit seems to pervade this important body of men.

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THE NEW PAPER.

FRIENDS! are you taking any steps with reference to the new Paper, in either of the ways suggested last week?  I do not address you at any length now, inasmuch as the space is occupied by the report of the great Nottingham demonstration; but allow me to impress on you that the issue or non-issue of the new paper depends on your kind exertions, either by obtaining shareholders to the extent of 500l., or by means of the Testimonial.

    Some friends have written wishing that the proceeds of the Testimonial should all be devoted to myself; but I would observe, that, if partly devoted to the issue of our new paper, they would be employed more beneficially for me than they could in any other way; but it is, of course, only a part that I could afford so to apply.

    I venture to make these observations, as on the speed with which the paper shall now appear depends its success.—Your faithful servant,

ERNEST JONES.

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CHANGE OF ADDRESS.

    All letters for Mr. BLIGH are, in future, it is requested, to be addressed to him at 11, Norfolk-gardens, Curtain-road, Shoreditch, London.

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FOREIGN AFFAIRS.

THE CONFERENCE.

    The conference at Zurich does not go on a bit the more smoothly for all its lengthy delay.  Count Colloredo's pretension to be regarded as sole president of the meeting met with opposition, on the part of M. de Bourqueney, and thus caused another hitch which has only been repaired by the agreement suggested by the good-natured, all-conciliating Frenchman,―that the conferences should take place alternately at each other's rooms, for they are all residing at the hotel Bauer, and that the day on which Colloredo went up the three stone steps which lead to Bourqueney rooms, along the stone passage to the right, Bourqueney should be considered as chairman of the meeting; and those days on which Bourqueney descended the three stone steps and turned down the boarded passage to the left, Colloredo should be regarded as the president of the palace and throne accordingly.
    The Plenipotentiaries of France and Austria held a Conference on the 23rd, which lasted two hours.  They have regulated the settlement of the affairs of Lombardy with the consent of the Sardinian Plenipotentiary.  The arrangement is expected to be confirmed by the different sovereigns.  The affairs of the Duchies will be treated of directly between the Courts of Paris and Vienna.

FRANCE.

    Peace is still the order of the day in the upper regions of the Government, and war the constant subject of dread amongst every class of citizens in Paris.  The augmentation of the garrison of Lille to a force of 60,000 men gives immense cause of uneasiness as to the motive of such a peculiar illustration of peaceful intentions; while the order for the immediate formation of a permanent army of manoeuvre, of which the head-quarters are to be in Algeria, adds to the impertinent curiosity which induces inquiry into the ultimate meaning of such peaceful demonstration.
    A ROGUE'S HEAD.—A curious case occupies all the heads connected with law, physiology, history, or moral philosophy, belonging to the University of Paris.  The professors of the Sorbonne, in particular, are the most animated and zealous in the debates, and the most interested likewise in the result.  Everybody knows that Cardinal Richelieu was buried at the chapel of the Sorbonne, where a splendid tomb, one of the finest productions of the kind ever beheld, records the grief of "History" under the features of the beautiful Duchess d'AguilIon, his mistress, and the despair of "Religion" represented by the Princess de Conti, who was his mistress likewise.  But, in one of the hottest days of the revolution, the people, heedless of "History" and defiant of "Religion," broke open the tomb, and bearing the head upon a pike through the streets of Paris, tossed the carcass, about which that head had been so entirely occupied during life, into the common sewer which runs from the Rue St. Jacques down to the river.  The head was not lost, although the body was—It was bought after the day's fun was . . . .

. . . over, and the mob, finding dead game but poor prey after all, had retired to consult upon a more stirring chase for to-morrow, by a member of the assembly, who obtained it from the sans culotte to whose possession it had fallen.  This gentleman died at a good old age, leaving numberless curiosities behind him, amongst which figures in his will, as the most conspicuous of all, "The head of Cardinal Richelieu to my beloved son."  For some years the State has been endeavouring to negotiate for the possession of this skull, but no inducement can compel the owner to part with it.  Every temptation known in the like case has been held out—the Legion of Honour—a consulship for the son —a presentation to Saint Denis for the daughter—nothing will succeed, and at length it is resolved to attach the detainer of Richelieu's head before the Tribunals; as, according to the opinions of the greatest legal celebrities, the remains of a statesman belong clearly to the State.  Of course the puns and quolibets are flying about on all sides; but the obstinate owner of the skull declares that the State may take his own head instead, but the Cardinal's shall remain his for ever.

    A DESIRABLE ACT.—The French Government has adopted a very praiseworthy measure. All the horses and mules of the artillery, except those which are required for its effective force, will be lent out gratuitously to the agricultural population, in order to be serviceable in farming operations—on condition, however, that they be well fed and taken care of, and never be ridden or driven for mere pleasure, or be employed in the postal service.

    The Moniteur of yesterday morning announces that the promised disarmament will commence on the 20th of September.  It may be of a more limited nature than we were led to expect by the observations of the Parisian press when the Emperor's decision became known.  It appears that only those soldiers will be discharged whose period of service expires in 1859.  Their number is comparatively small.  Furloughs of three months only will be granted to those who are entitled to them by the regulations of 1832, and who form a more numerous class than the language of the Moniteur would lead us to suppose.  Lastly, the same privilege is accorded to those who can show that they are "indispensable for the support of their families."  We confess ourselves a little disappointed with the extent of the measure.  The disarmament may be more apparent than real.  It may be but temporary for the greater number of the men whom it will affect, and it may be permanent in a small number of cases only where a discharge would have been obtained in the regular course of military service.

ITALY.

    PIEDMONT.—In Piedmont the Government propose to adopt an electoral law on the basis of a deputy for every 30,000 or 35,000 inhabitants.

    ROME.—A letter from Rome of the 14th communicates the Pope's answer to an autograph letter of the Emperor Napoleon, in which he was called upon to assume the honorary headship of the proposed Italian Confederation, and to consent to the adoption of certain reforms in the administration of his temporal dominions.  The Pope declines to have anything to do with the Confederation, unless the deposed Princes be restored.  He will not accede to the proposal of a separate administration for the Legations of the Romagna.  He consents, however, to the secularisation, provided that his subjects shall not object to it, as he alleges they did in 1849.

    The deputation appointed to present to the King of Sardinia the medal which has been struck by a private society, in commemoration of the words pronounced by his Majesty on his opening the session of the Piedmontese Parliament of the 10th of January last, had the honour of an audience on the 20th.  Count Mamiani, president of the committee, reminded his Majesty of the memorable words:— "We are not insensible to the cry of grief which we hear from every part of Italy."  His Majesty replied as follows:―

    "I thank you for your beautiful present.  Ever since it has been in my power, I have consecrated my efforts to the great national cause.  I have it constantly before my mind; I live for it, and am ready to die for it.  Difficulties and misfortunes arise which must be surmounted, and they certainly will, for I have witnessed the courage and discipline of which the Italians are capable.  Under present circumstances it has been impossible to go further, as I might have wished.  In the midst of past sorrows, I have found great consolation in seeing that the Italians have understood me, and have not entertained a doubt concerning me.  The masses, blinded by excessive enthusiasm, are sometimes led astray.  I might have pardoned such false steps, but I repeat that I have nothing to reproach them with.  It seems incredible that some countries that are unfavourable to us do not, or will not believe that there is nothing obscure or insidious in my policy.  Frankness and straightforwardness are its companions—perhaps it is the going straight to the object in view that creates displeasure.  The Italian question is very clear, and it is no doubt on that account that they will not understand it.  The union, perfect order, and wisdom which the people of Tuscany, the Duchies, and the Romagna now display are admirable.  I certainly did not think that Italy was incapable of acting so; still the spectacle of such an attitude affords me great pleasure.  Have, therefore, faith in me, gentlemen, and be assured that now, as well as in future, I shall do everything in my power to promote the welfare of Italy.

    LOMBARDY.—A letter from Milan says:—Complaints are raised here at the delay which has taken place in arming the national guard.  That force is now organised; it has four legions, making together about 12,000 men, but not more than 2,500 muskets could be mustered.  An application was made to the Government, and 10,000 excellent ones will, it is said, be shortly provided, a contract having been already entered into for that purpose.

SWITZERLAND.

    The embarkation at Naples of the 4th Regiment of Swiss troops has been effected in the best possible order, they having previously received the whole pay due to them.  1,669 privates and fourteen officers will be received at Marseilles by the Swiss Consul.

BELGIUM.

    The Antwerp Fortification Bill has passed the Belgian fifty-seven Chambers by a majority of fifty-seven to forty-two.

GERMANY.

    The municipal authorities of Frankfort—the Federal town and seat of the highest constituted assembly of Fatherland—have felt themselves compelled to request the Diet to interdict the carrying of side arms by the garrison soldiers when off duty.  If such a step be not taken, they are afraid there will soon be no soldiers left to garrison the place.  At present, the Prussians are attacking the Bavarians in front, having, at the same time, to ward off the Austrians on either side, and to keep a good look out on the Frankforters from the rear.

    The armament of the Prussian fortresses on the Rhine continues, just as though peace had not been concluded.  The annual autumnal manoeuvres this year will be carried out on the grandest scale.

AUSTRIA.

    The ministerial crisis in Austria is at an end.  A Cabinet has been formed under the presidency of Count Rechberg, which, from its composition, gives promise of an able and energetic administration of affairs; but disappoints the hopes of the Reform party, as the new ministers are all staunch Conservatives, and little disposed to promote the liberal measures so loudly demanded by the popular voice.  The most remarkable men in the new Cabinet are the late Governor of Gallicia, Count Golouchowski, who will undertake the Home Department; and the late ambassador at Paris, Baron Hubner, abandons the diplomatic career, and assumes the direction of the Police.  It is very significant that the two most important members of the ministry should be placed at the heads of those departments; for it is in the sphere of those departments that those evils exist which the people wish to see immediately abolished.  The objects which occupy the attention of the Superior Council of Austria, in the way of internal reform, are—first, as respects the finances, then the free exercise of the Protestant religion, the regulation of Jewish affairs, and the regulation of municipalities.  The subject . . . .

 . . . of the representation of the provinces is reserved for the present.  There appears to have been a fear in the Court circle of too rapid progress being made in these measures of reform; but the new ministers will, of course, put on the drag.

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THE FATE OF ITALY.
TUSCANY.

    ANNEXATION.—The National Assembly have unanimously voted the annexation of Tuscany to Piedmont, amid the acclamations of " Viva it Ré!"

PROCLAMATION TO THE TUSCAN ARMY.

    The following proclamation has been addressed to the Tuscan army by M. Ricasoli:—

    "Officers, non-commissioned officers, and soldiers of the army of Tuscany,

    "Your country has not forgotten you, oh brave men who under the national banner are now encamped on the banks of the Po, as advanced sentinels of that Italy which will never know how to resign herself not to be entirely independent.  If the peace, which surprised you ere you had well arrived on the field of battle, prevented you from accomplishing the vows which you made on setting forward, do not, therefore, suppose that your duties as soldiers are over.

    "The fate of Tuscany, as of all Central Italy, is far from being settled; now, while in the great cities the representatives of the country are giving expression to the desire of the populations, you must prepare to support them, if need be, by arms.  Already the provinces on the banks of the Po are leagued with Tuscany.  The defence will be common.  You will defend on the Po and the Appenines the same cause for which you rushed to fight with such generous ardour in Lombardy.  Show yourselves in your camps the worthy rivals of your brethren in the cities.  By their concord and their civic virtues they are setting a grand example.  Imitate them by your military virtues, and then the destinies of Italy will be assured.  You will have at your head General Garibaldi, one of those tried and valiant warriors of whom Italy is above all others proud, and also a man of order and discipline—one who will render less painful to you the separation from the brave and loyal captain who has hitherto commanded you.  You will be, as proud to obey him as we are to have chosen him to command you; his noble examples, his eloquent words, will strengthen you in that spirit of resolution, that obedience to your chiefs, that strict observance of discipline which give power and victory to the armies of great nations.  Thus, and thus alone, Central Italy, armed and united, may, thanks to you, obtain the respect of Europe, and furnish the Emperor Napoleon with reasons to support our cause.

    "Soldiers, the Tuscan Government watches over you; for you, who are leading the hard life of camps, it will redouble that solicitude which it owes to all the citizens confided to its care.  It sees with joy those bonds of fraternity which every day unite you more and more to those populations whose welcome guests you are.  May these cordial relations be the harbingers of a still closer union between peoples that the Appenines alone divide.  You will hasten this desired consummation if you show yourselves such as your country hopes and expects to see you, if you show that you can bear high and keep unsullied that national banner which you have sworn to carry wherever there are enemies of Italy to be found.
    "August 15, 1859.
              The President of the Council of Ministers
                      and Minister of the Interior,
                                                                                        "B. RICASOLI.
"The Secretary-General of the Tuscan Government,
                                                                        "CELESTINO BIANCI."

MODENA.

    BANISHMENT AND ANNEXATION.—The National Assembly, after having proclaimed the forfeiture of Duke Francis V. to the ducal throne, voted the following resolution, announcing:― "The Assembly decrees the annexation of the Modenese State to the Monarchial, Constitutionals, and glorious Kingdom of the Dynasty of Savoy, under the magnanimous sceptre of King Victor Emmanuel."  It further adopted the proposal to confirm the dictatorship of Signor Farini.

    DEFENSIVE LEAGUE.—A defensive league has been concluded between the States of Central Italy.  Prince Hercolani, the Delegate of the Government of the Legations, has signed the act of accession to the League.

    A FORMIDABLE RUMOUR.—The Paris Pays communicates the startling intelligence, that on the arrival of M. Farini to assume the dictatorial government of Parma, a portion of the troops proclaimed their fidelity to the Bourbon Duchess, and took possession of the small fortress of Bardi, intending to hold it for their Sovereign so long as there shall remain any chance of her restoration.  The Pays also announces the equally surprising news that a French division, commanded by General Boubbaki, have arrived at Parma.

    Should this intelligence be confirmed, confidence in the success of the Italian movement would be considerably lessened.  The presence of French troops in Parma seems to foreshadow the armed intervention of France in the actual crisis, for the restoration of the expelled dynasties.  Yet the official and Governmental press in France is unanimous in repelling the imputation of such a policy to the French Government.

    General Garibaldi passed in review on the 18th on the excise ground of Modena, a part of the eleventh division of the Italian army, and declared himself much pleased with its appearance.  He afterwards visited the military hospital and spoke most kindly to several of the wounded soldiers.

    The National Assembly, in its sitting of the 23rd, unanimously voted the following decrees:―
    1. The confirmation of the dictatorship of Signor Farini, giving him full powers to contract a loan of 5,000,000 lire.  2. The erection of a monument to commemorate votes of the Assembly decreeing the dechéance of Francis V., and the annexation of Modena to Piedmont.  3. That the Volunteers who served in the late campaign for the independence of Italy have deserved well of their country.  4. That the Dictator be charged to negotiate with the several foreign Powers for the restitution of the political prisoners which Francis V. carried away with him on leaving the country.  The Assembly was afterwards prorogued.

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FOREIGN NOTES.

    The first electric telegraph has now been set up in Persia.  It is sixty leagues long, and extends from Teheran to the camp of Solfania.

    We have to report the adoption of a veritable reform at Hamburg.  The senatorial families have abdicated their privileges, and a more democratic constitution has been established.

    In Germany the movement for the creation of a central power exhibits considerable determination and activity.

    A letter from Bologna, in the Opinione of Turin, says that, Signor Alberto Mario and his wife (late Miss Jersey M. White), while travelling under the name of Martinez, were arrested.  They had attempted to provoke a Red-Republican rising.  They have been treated with respect, and will be set at liberty on condition of their quitting the country.

VICTOR HUGO AND THE AMNESTY.—The following is the declaration made by M. Victor Hugo, in reference to the amnesty proclaimed by the Emperor of the French:—"Nobody will expect from me that I can grant, in what concerns myself, a moment of attention to this thing called an amnesty.  As France is now situated, a protest absolute, inflexible, and eternal, is my duty.  Faithful to the engagement which I made in my conscience, I will share to the last the exile of liberty.  When liberty returns, I will return.—VICTOR HUGO, Guernsey, Hauteville-house, Aug. 18, 1859."

    A telegram dated Augusta, Georgia, August 9th, says:― "The continued rains induce fears of injury to the growing cotton crop,"  It is stated that a numerous body of the Congressional constituents of Mr. Sickles had signed an address, calling upon him to resign his seat in Congress.

    LOUIS BLANC, THE AMNESTY, AND THE FRENCH EXILES.— Louis Blanc writes, in reply to communications from some of his countrymen, to say that in his opinion the amnesty granted by the French ruler may be fairly hailed as a blessing by many among the exiles, whom their forlorn position in a foreign country or family ties of a specially urgent character, justify in returning to their native land.  The amnesty, being unconditional, no sort of stain whatever attaches to the act of availing oneself of it, more especially if it be for the purpose of fulfilling domestic duties not less imperious and sacred than those arising from political convictions.  No man, therefore, conscientiously influenced by such contingencies, is obnoxious or to blame for seizing the opportunity, though reluctant to receive the boon.  M. Louis Blanc, however, reiterates his opinion that Frenchmen who have strong and obvious motives for believing that their return, besides being unsafe, would be of no avail either to their cause or to their country, are perfectly entitled to remain where they can speak out their mind, and enjoy the ennobling protection of the law.  To serve France in France, he says, is for us now plainly impossible.  To serve her abroad is the only chance we have left, at least so long as the policy of the Empire remains unchanged.

    The King of Sardinia has intrusted to two Lombard artists the execution of two paintings, one the battle of Solferino, the other the taking of San Martino, an episode of the same battle, in which the Piedmonts were the sole actors.  A marble monument, recording the heroic defence of the city of Brescia against the Austrian troops in 1849, is also to be executed by a native artist.

    UNINTENTIONAL HOMICIDE.—At Saint Gall, in Switzerland, a few days ago, young workman and workwoman having married, went with their friends to a public-house to eat the wedding feast.  When the mirth and fun were at their height, the report of a fire-arm was heard, and the young husband, to the consternation of the party, was struck in the head by a ball and fell dead.  The same ball before hitting him grazed his wife's neck, and after passing through his head, lodged in in the shoulder of one of the guests, wounding him rather severely.  It turned out that the fatal shot was fired by a workman named Boppart, but quite unintentionally.  He being a friend of the newly married couple, and being about to join the wedding parity, of which his wife was one, thought fit to fire his gun in their honour, but by mistake he charged it with a ball cartridge instead of with one of simple power.  Boppart was so affected at the fatal event and at the comments made on it by the townspeople that the day after he drowned himself in a pond.

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CELEBRATION OF THE ITALIAN CAMPAIGN IN ALGIERS.

    The journals in Algeria state that the successes of the French in Italy have afforded great pleasure to the Arab populations under their rule, and in their honour an influential Arab chief, the Khalifa of the Mina, Ben-Abd-Allah ould Shel Arabi, who is a commander in the Legion of Honour, gave a few days ago a grand fête to the French authorities and the native chiefs of his district:―

    "General Hugo, commanding the subdivision of Mostaganem, accompanied by the sub-prefect and mayor of that town, arrived early in the morning at Bel-Assel, the khalifa's residence.  At about a league from the house, they were met by the aghas and caids of the district, mounted on magnificent horses, and carrying the long Arab muskets; the Arabs were accompanied by flags and music, and presented a brilliant appearance.  Near the house was an Arab camp, containing a great number of tents.  The khalifa had caused a sumptuous banquet to be prepared for his guests; and when they were seated sheep roasted whole suspended on long poles, and a multitude of dishes containing meat and fowls, &c., were brought in in stately procession.  The caids collected in the courtyard in groups of ten or twelve, and the dainties prepared were distributed to them; those of the Sahel, having attained a certain degree of European refinement, fed themselves with a spoon, but one spoon served for several of them—each taking a mouthful with it in turn, and then passing it to his neighbour.  At the khalifa's table, after the repast was finished, a toast was drunk with enthusiasm to France, the Emperor, the Empress, and the Imperial Prince; and the caids outside joined in applauding it.  The whole party then proceeded to the camp, where a grand fantasia took place.  It consisted, as usual, of races of charges of imaginary enemies, accompanied by the incessant firing of muskets, wrestling, and feats of strength.  After these rejoicings the party returned to the khalifa's residence, where a supper as plentiful as the preceding meal was prepared."

    The next day the French General passed the Arab chiefs an their goums in review, thanking them in a brief speech for the interest which they manifested in France, and they responded by cries of "Long live the Emperor!"

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INDIA.—DREADFUL STATE OF HINDOSTAN.―THE
REVOLT NOT QUELLED.

    The insurgents still hold out in Nepaul, whose ruler, Jung Baliadoor, screens them.

    Between Phileebeet and Gurwall the rebels are now scattered, but they are not likely to descend to the plains at the foot of the Himalayas, as a strong body of police, composed chiefly of Sikhs, is stationed at the points through which Oude is approachable from the hills.  They are beset by formidable difficulties on the south, and alarm seems to have driven them frantic.

    We occasionally hear of some skirmishes with small bodies of insurgents.  Burjore Sing, and his brother-in-law, Chutter, at the head of about five hundred rebels, were lately in the vicinity of Jhansi; the whereabouts of the former having been discovered by Catania (Adjutant of Police), an attempt was made to catch him in the dark, but it failed.  A small detachment of the 24th. Madras Infantry, and one of military police, horse and foot, under Major Davis, went in search of the enemy; but after knocking about for some time, on the 19th June the little force reached Joarum at one o'clock p.m., when the two rebel leaders were eleven miles off across the Dessaum river, close upon the border of the Tehree State.  Leaving all the heavy luggage at Alipore, Major Davis made a rapid march at two o'clock, and got up to the attack about five.  Overtaken in a dense jungle the rebels fled in all directions, about ten being killed, and fifteen taken prisoners—amongst the former was Burjore's foster brother, perhaps the real leader on the occasion.  It is believed that he was shot by Major Davis just after he had fired at Lieutenant Hawthorne.  He wore a lot of valuable ornaments, which will make a considerable addition to the prize property.

    A correspondent of a north-west contemporary gives some particulars of a late attack by a small force under Major Meade on the enemy's position at Giriasô: "Major Meade returned yesterday from a successful dour against the rebels.  He started on the evening of the 30th June with 250 men, including 40 of H.M.'s 92nd Highlanders, marched 30 miles during the night, and reached the enemy's position at Giriasô a little after sunrise.  He commenced the attack immediately, and after five hours' fighting cleared the hill on which the rebels had taken up a very strong position (300 feet high, covered with a jungle, and two miles in length), and stormed their village (a large stone built one of great strength).  The enemy were between 400 and 500 strong, with 100 sepoys; of these 80 or 100 were killed, including all the head men.  But unfortunately some women and children were accidentally smothered by the smoke, and perished in the village.  This was not the fault of our brave soldiers. The enemy had got into a strong loopholed house, and would not give in, and no one had any idea there were any women or children there.  Our loss was twelve or fourteen killed and wounded.  It was a most successful affair, and ought to have the best possible political effect among the unruly Thakoors and their rebel followers."

    It is surmised that some of the Nepaulese may try and raise an insurrection, or some of the Nana's emissaries may be sent to try and get the Raj for the Nepaulese—as there is no doubt he and the Begum are assisted by these Paharies.

    It is said the whole of the Court of Nepaul, except Jung Baha-door, sympathise with the rebels, and, were it not for Sir Jung, would give them an asylum at Katmandoo.

    The Bombay Overland Times states:—"We received information yesterday of two important actions having been fought near Sanger within the last month, by Lieutenant Roome, of the 10th Native Infantry, with certain rebel bodies, consisting, as we suppose, of the débris of Tantia Topee's force.  Lieut. Roome, than whom the service does not contain a more gallant soldier, is commanding, we believe, a detachment of the 10th Native Infantry, and of Mayne's Horse at Basonda, and is said . . .

THE TRIAL OF DR. SMETHURST.—THE VERDICT.

    The following appeared last week in our Second Edition:—

    The summing-up was resumed on the 18th, and during its progress the prisoner two or three times interrupted the Judge, to correct, as he stated it, some of the assertions made by his Lordship.  With respect to no poison having been discovered at the residence of Smethurst, the Judge remarked:―
    "All the bottles were seized, and no arsenic, or antimony, or other poison, was found in them.  It would by no means be safe to presume anything against the prisoner because he had an opportunity of destroying evidence, and the jury must not act entirely on the evidence which had been produced; but, if they were satisfied that antimony and arsenic had been administered by him to the deceased, some light might be thrown on the circumstance that no poison was found, by the fact of the prisoner returning to the house on the Monday evening, and having access to the parlour and bedroom."

    At the conclusion of the summing-up,

    The Prisoner said: "I wish to clear up some facts."

    The Lord Chief Baron: "I cannot allow you to do so, except through your counsel."

    The Prisoner: "I wish to state that Mr. Serjeant Ballantine is acquainted with the whole of the circumstances connected with the marriage.  I forwarded to him the whole facts as early as I could after I was arrested, and the statement is now in his hands.  It shows that my wife (Isabella Bankes) had a reversionary interest in a large sum of money."

    The jury then, at ten minutes to four o'clock, retired to consider their verdict; and, after an absence of three-quarters of an hour, returned into court with a verdict of GUILTY.

    The Lord Chief Baron then put on the black cap, and the Clerk of the Arraigns asked the prisoner if he had anything to say why judgment should not be passed upon him.

    The prisoner immediately commenced addressing the Judge and jury.  He said that the whole of the witnesses had distorted the true facts of the case in such a manner that his life had been sacrificed. Dr. Julius he especially condemned, and the assertion of the sister of the deceased, that she was never able to see her sister Isabella alone, except for two or three minutes at a time, was, he said, entirely false.  "She knew she had every opportunity of being with her sister as often and as long as she pleased, and, had the witnesses spoke truth, such would have appeared in the evidence.  With respect to the non-engagement of a nurse, it had been put as if he objected to such a proceeding; but nothing could be so far from the truth.  He had been taken into custody, and placed before a magistrate, charged with poisoning his wife wife; but, notwithstanding all that was said against him, he was admitted to bail on the first occasion.  In not taking steps to procure a nurse, he was only acting according to the direction of the magistrates as they prohibited him from in any manner interfering with the deceased on his return to his home, and it was certainly true that he had said that those persons who chose to engage the nurse must bear the expense.  With respect to the motive for the crime attributed to him—namely, his wishing to obtain possession of the money belonging to the deceased—it was false.  He had no occasion to seek the death of the lady, as he could have obtained her money, if such had been his object, without committing murder.  Great stress had been laid on his marriage with Miss Bankes, and throughout the trial it had been said that it was not his intention to remain with Miss Bankes after he had obtained all she was possessed of.  Now, the truth was, that his attachment to her was strong, and his connection with her he hoped would have been lasting.  The marriage at Kennington Church was as much the act of the deceased as his.  It was only done in order that she might appear to her friends as a married woman, and the remark 'that it would be all right soon,' alluded to the death of his first wife, who was upwards of seventy years of age."  The prisoner then went on in a rambling strain, condemning everybody who had given evidence against him.

    The Lord Chief Baron, in pronouncing sentence of death, said he agreed with the verdict; and the convict was removed from the dock, exclaiming that Dr. Julius was his murderer, and calling on God to witness his innocence.

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    THE RICHMOND MURDER.— After the sentence of death had been passed upon Dr. Smethurst, the warrant of the court, signed by the Lord Chief Baron, was handed to Mr. Jonas, the governor of Newgate, for his removal to the county gaol of Surrey, Horsemonger-lane; but as a great number of persons were waiting in the Old Bailey anxious to catch a glimpse of the prisoner, an ingenious mode was resorted to in order to avoid confusion.  A cab was driven to the door of the gaol, in which it was of course expected that he would be taken away, but instead of this the prisoner was taken by Mr. Jonas and Humphreys, the principal warder, through the courts and by the entrance to the New Court into the Old Bailey, where a cab was in readiness, and he was safely lodged in Horsemonger-lane gaol before the crowd were aware that he had left Newgate.  Since the prisoner has been confined in Newgate he has upon several occasions appeared desirous to enter into conversation with those about him upon the subject of his crime, and he appeared very curious to impress them with the idea that there was no foundation for the charge of murder.  There is, however, this singular resemblance between the prisoner and William Palmer, that he evidently has some reservation one his mind, as he invariably declares that arsenic was not the cause of death, and it will be remembered that down to the last moment Palmer declared that Cook did not die of strychnine, and that it was reasonably inferred from the observations he made that some other description of poison had been made use of.  On the way from Newgate to Horsemonger-lane gaol, Dr. Smethurst again repeatedly declared his innocence, and asserted, as he did before sentence was pronounced against him, that the charge had been made up from ill-feeling towards him; and it appears that since he has been in confinement he has repeatedly made use of the expression that Dr. Taylor would rather his life should be sacrificed than that his own reputation should be in any way affected or injured.

    THE PAST LIFE OF SMETHURST.―The convict who at present lies in a position so perilous is the son of a small schoolmaster, and was born in the neighbourhood of Coventry, in the year 1801.  There is, however, no pretext for the allegation that his father was tutor to the Earl of Dysart, nor does there appear to be any better foundation for his assertion that he is a regularly educated medical man.  According to his own account, as detailed in-a boarding-house where he lived, he married his present wife from feelings of gratitude for her attention to him when ill during the period of his career as a medical student; but there is no proof that he originally was more than a chemist, or possessed a higher professional degree than that of the Apothecaries' Company and a German degree.  He undoubtedly, however, carried on medical practice at Stockwell, Camberwell, and various places adjoining London.  But it was at Ramsgate where he practised longest and was best known; he carried on business there for several years, and it is but fair to add that, except being considered somewhat closefisted and fond of money, he bore a tolerably respectable character.  After residing there for some time he left for Germany, with the double view of placing himself under the celebrated hydropathist Priessnitz, for the purpose of obtaining relief from a lameness with which he was afflicted, and of acquiring a sufficient knowledge of the system to enable him to practise it.  On his return to Ramsgate he not only opened a cold water cure establishment, but published a book upon the subject.  The latter is entitled "Hydropatheria." The book is rather respectable as a compilation, and it is somewhat remarkable that when absent in Germany his practice was, at his request, taken care of by a gentleman before whom he was, eventually brought at Richmond on a charge of murder.  But at Ramsgate he never got into what is termed "fashionable practice," and he consequently removed to the establishment of Moor-park, in Surrey.  After keeping this for several years he eventually sold it to advantage, and led a comparatively private life until arrested on the charge for which he has recently been condemned.

    A PROPOSED MEMORIAL.—The case of Dr. Smethurst has since the trial, assumed a new and important phase, having called forth the opinions of numerous scientific men, who have come to the conclusion that there was no evidence to show that any poison whatever had been administered to Miss Banker, and that all the appearances described by Dr. Julius, Dr. Todd, and others, are consistent with natural disease, more especially dysentery. The . . . .

feeling that the verdict was not justified by the evidence is fast gaining ground; and it is stated that a public memorial to the Secretary of State, for a remission of the extreme sentence of the law, will be drawn up.  Much confidence exists that Lord Chief Baron Pollock, although in summing up he appeared to have taken a strong view of the case adverse to the prisoner, will not oppose the application.  The brother of Dr. Smethurst is the only person who has visited him since his conviction, and to him he declares his entire innocence; and so impressed with that belief is the convict's brother, who is a gentleman of some considerable property, that he has determined no exertion or expense shall be wanting to effect a commutation of the sentence.  On Tuesday Mr. Humphreys, who has acted as the solicitor of Dr. Smethurst, endeavoured to obtain an interview with his client, but found that by the regulations of the prison he could not have an interview with him without an order from one of the visiting justices on the rota.  He has written to the visiting justices accordingly, and the request will be granted as a matter of course.  The conduct of Dr. Smethurst from the time of his conviction to the present, has been uniform, and, though depressed, he believes the sentence will not be carried into effect.  Tuesday, in the week after next, is the day fixed for the execution. [ED. ― see historical note below this page].

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The Duke of Sutherland charged with Libel.

A very extraordinary charge of libel against the Duke of Sutherland has just been decided in Scotland, at the Court of Session (Second Division), before the Lord Justice Clerk and a jury.  The plaintiff was the Rev. Dugald Mackellar, minister of the parish of Clyne, in the county of Sutherland; the action involving the character of the clergyman, whose damages were laid at 1,000l.  From the high position and influence of the defendant, who is the sole heritor of the parish of Clyne, as he is of the majority of the parishes of Sutherlandshire, the case has created much interest throughout the county generally.  It appeared the plaintiff was inducted minister of the parish of Clyne in 1844; the living is a small one, consisting of ninety-three quarters of corn, and 23l, in money, besides manse, garden, and glebe.  In that parish his grace customarily gave a small farm immediately adjoining to the incumbent, who resides at the manse; and this farm having been possessed by the plaintiff's predecessors, as ministers of the parish, for many years past, was supposed to be inseparable from the glebe, although it still remained in the power of the duke.  Shortly after the plaintiff's induction he got possession of the farm, and continued to possess it till Whitsunday, 1857, during which time he expended a good deal of money in its improvement.  The Sutherland estates were at that time managed by Mr. George Gunn, of Rhives (since dead ), who had "great power and authority," as factor.  For a time the minister and the factor were on friendly terms; but, by-and-by, Mr. Gunn's feelings appeared to change, and latterly he treated the minister with "dislike and hostility."  In December, 1855, a question was brought before the local church court in regard to the repairs of the minister's manse, when a particular small house was claimed by the plaintiff as his property, whereas the factor maintained that it belonged to the farm.  Some time afterwards the Duke of Sutherland and the factor obtained a decree in the sheriff court ejecting the minister from the small house; but, shortly afterwards, he sent a letter to the factor stating that, in the event of his being allowed to continue in possession of the farm for a year, he would agree to depart from any alleged claims of meliorations for any improvements executed by him upon the farm.  Mr. Gunn accepted the conditions.  Matters continued as formerly till the spring of 1857, when a new action of removal was obtained by the noble proprietor against the minister, who, although there was no written lease, had been under the impression that the farm was to go along with the glebe.  In course of the litigation, which terminated in the removal process, the minister served a note of suspension upon the noble duke, who lodged answers to the same, in which statements appeared to the effect that "during the last few years the complainant (Mr. Mackellar) had conducted himself in a most discreditable and unbecoming manner for a minister and brawling with an attacking and assaulting parishioners, for which offences he was criminally tried and convicted in the sheriff court, and suspended from the exercise of clerical functions in the church courts.  He has also used threatening and abusive language to others of his parishioners, for which he was found liable to them in damages, by all which conduct he has set the worst example in his parish, utterly destroying his usefulness in the church, and disgusting and dispersing the greater part of his congregation."  These statements formed the issue for the jury, who were desired to consider whether they were "false and calumnious," and were "maliciously inserted in the said answers, to the loss, injury, and damage of the pursuer."  In the course of the pleadings it was contended by the Solicitor-General, as counsel for the plaintiff, that there was malice on the part of the deceased factor, Mr. Gunn, against Mr. Mackellar, and that the Duke of Sutherland was responsible for the act of his representative.  This point formed the gist of the whole action.  The question submitted to the jury, by the Lord Justice Clerk, was—whether they thought there was any proof of a malicious motive on the, part of the Duke of Sutherland, when the jury unanimously gave a verdict of "No malicious intention" on the part of the noble defendant.

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Alleged Case of Poisoning by a German Physician.

    Mr. William Carter, the coroner for East Surrey, held a long and painful inquiry it the Rosemary Branch Tavern, Peckham, respecting the circumstances attending the death of Alice Julia Wood, aged six months, the infant daughter of Mr. Walter Wood, of Camden-terrace, Southampton-street, Camberwell.—Mr. Walter Wood, a printer on the Weekly Dispatch newspaper, said that the deceased was his child.  It had been ailing from its birth, and was fed on farinaceous food by the nurse.  The mother was unable to suckle the child, which might to some extent account for its emaciated condition.  The deceased was seen by a surgeon named Westlake, and afterwards by a physician, Simon Weil, living in Broad-street-buildings, City, who prescribed for the child, but it died on Thursday last.—Ann Booth, of 29, Trafalgar-street, Walworth, said that she had known the deceased child.  After its birth she attended it.  The mother was unable to suckle it on account of her health.  She last saw the child alive at half-past eleven o'clock on Monday night, when she did not appear any worse than she had been for some time past.  She had procured four powders from Mr. Westlake, a chemist, which were administered to the child; but Mr. Westlake refused to give anything more without a physician's prescription.—The coroner here inquired whether Mr. Weil was in court, and was answered by that gentleman in the affirmative.—Examination in chief continued: Witness was to administer a teaspoonful every three hours of the mixture made up, until her bowels became composed, as she was suffering from a severe attack of diarrhoea.  The medicine was made up from the prescriptions by Mr. Smith, of Southampton-street.  The deceased was able and did take food, such as arrowroot milk from a bottle, in her presence at half-past nine at night, when she left. deceased in the care of its mother.  Dr. Weil prescribed for her in writing, and the mixture was made up by Mr. Smith.—Mr. Weil said, from the first, that he thought the child could not live.—Mr. Wood further added that two months after birth the deceased was vaccinated, and she continued to lose flesh from that time.  The nurse Booth left his service last Monday night, and the child was then taken charge of by its mother.  On Wednesday night, in consequence of a change in the health of the child, he sent for Mr. Edmunds, who attended promptly.  He believed that the child died from some internal complaint.—The learned Coroner said that he had received a letter from Mr. Edmunds, to the effect that to the best of his belief the child had died from an overdose of opium.—Mr. J. W. Edmunds, of Montague-cottage, Southampton-street, Camberwell, said that on Wednesday night he was called to see the deceased, and found, upon his arrival, the head and neck blue, and the eyes wide open.  The child appeared quite calm, and . . .

. . . he came to the conclusion that the appearances were far front being natural; and he was told that a physician had prescribed for her, and upon reading the prescription handed to him, the mixture was proved to be an antidote for diarrhœa, but the witness thought the opium in the liquid was considerably over the quantity that ought to have been given.  He prescribed beef tea and wine for the one, and also gave some stimulating medicine which did not contain opium.—Mr. Smith, chemist and druggist, of Southampton-street, said that he made up a prescription for diarrhœa.  He did not think the quantity of laudanum in the mixture would be injurious to a child; but at the same time he should not like to give it to his own child, for it might prove prejudicial to a child of that age.  If the infant was well, and able to eat food, no danger was to be apprehended if the opium was rightly measured.  His opinion was that the child died from the effects of laudanum—The jury, after consulting, decided upon adjourning the case for a post mortem examination to be made.

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EXTRAORDINARY BIGAMY CASE.

    A lady applied to the Hon. G. C. Norton, at the Lambeth police-court, for his advice respecting the conduct of her husband, to whom she had not been then quite two months married, and whose name she had so far forgotten that she could not spell it, and had actually been obliged to go home to provide herself with the marriage certificate to refresh her memory; who she said had conducted himself in an extraordinary manner towards her, and quite different to his professions before marriage.  The lady had represented that she had first met her husband at the St. James's Hall, at one of Barnum's entertainments; that he represented himself as the son of a nobleman, and a captain in the army, made fierce love to her, said he would shoot her or himself unless she consented to have him, and offered with his hand a carriage and 2,000l.  The lady went on further to state that believing his representations she gave her consent, and they were married at the most fashionable of all places for aristocratic marriages, St. George's, Hanover-square, on the 28th of June, and that though nearly two months had passed over, there was no sign of the new carriage, nor the slightest appearance of the 2,000l., or any of the nice little presents so lavishly hinted at before the commencement of the "honeymoon."  On the contrary, the soi-disant Hon. Captain William Denbigh Sloper Harrison commenced a course most distasteful to his wife of going out fashionably dressed in clothes purchased at her expense, stopping out days and nights together, and coming home in garments much inferior in texture and appearance to those he wore when leaving home, and in addition to all making use of threats of a disagreeable character.

    Mr. Norton put such questions to the lady that if answered in the affirmative would enable him to grant a summons against the new-made husband, but the lady declared she was not in fear of him, and her complaint in the end tapered to the simple question as to whether she was compelled to supply her husband with clothes while he was in the habit of disposing of them.

    Mr. Norton told her that having married him he was entitled to all her property, unless such portions as were settled on herself by trustees, and advised her to call in the aid of her friends, and make them the medium. of adjusting the matrimonial differences between herself and her husband.  The lady applicant, however, did not approve of this mode of adjustment, and said she should start to Brighton and leave her husband, if he should think proper, to dispose of her household goods, amounting at least to 400l., and this ended the matter.  Fortunately for the ends of justice the particulars of that application obtained a wide publicity, and that publicity will be the means of checking and no doubt terminating the career of a heartless, prowling impostor.

    On Monday evening, when the usual night charges were disposed of, a person of slim figure, shabby genteel appearance, rather light complexion, meagre visage, with a thin half-fledged moustache on the upper lip, while the other parts of the face were both hairless and beardless, and the eyes light and devoid of the slightest spark of animation, and altogether of a most spoony-like appearance, was placed at the bar before the Hon. G. C. Norton, on a charge off intermarrying with Mrs. Jane Hayes, a widow lady, his former wife Sophia being then and still alive.

    Chief Clerk to the prisoner: What is your name?

    Prisoner (in a thin shrill voice): William Marshall, sir.

    Chief Clerk: Have you no other name than William Marshall?  Is your name not Harrison?

    Prisoner: No, sir.  My name is William Denbigh Sloper Marshall.

    Chief Clerk: Marshall and not Harrison?

    Prisoner: Yes—yes, sir.

    Both wives, persons of lady-like appearance and manners, were present, and the prisoner, on entering the dock, cast a, hasty glance at each, and during the investigation he frequently endeavoured to put on a benignant smile while looking towards them but both studiously avoided looking at him, and seemed thoroughly ashamed of having been betrayed into marriage with a person whose appearance and conduct seemed so thoroughly contemptible.

    The first witness examined was Charles Revill, one of the summoning officers belonging to the court, who said: In consequence of information I received, I last evening accompanied the two ladies now present to the house, No. 15, Princes-place, Kennington Cross, and asked for the prisoner.  I was told he was out at the time, but was expected in in a few minutes, and the ladies went inside, and saw his second wife, Mrs. Hayes.  I went into the house also, and in a short time the prisoner knocked, and was admitted by his servant; and on seeing me he seemed very much surprised.  I told him not to be alarmed at me, for that I was about to introduce him to his first wife.

    Mr. Norton: Had his first wife seen him at this time?

    Revill: Yes, sir, she saw him approach the front door, and at once recognised him as the person she had been married to, and therefore, I knew I was right in what I had said.

    Mr. Norton: Well, go on.

    Revill: Well, sir, on seeing his first wife he seemed perfectly paralysed, and dropping down on the couch by her side, he was not able to utter a word.  I then told him Mrs. Hayes, his second wife, charged him with getting married to her while he had another wife living, and asked him if it were true, and he replied, yes, and he was very sorry for it, and that he must be a great blackguard for acting so.  I then took him into custody.

    The certificates of the two marriages were here handed to the magistrate, and from them it appeared that the prisoner, who then gave the name of William Denbigh Sloper Marshall, described himself as late captain in the army, bachelor, and son to Francis Marshall, shipowner, had been married at Paddington Church to Sophia Frost Dawson, widow, on the 3rd of July, 1858; and that on the 28th June in the present year, he was married at St. George's, Hanover-square, to Jane Hayes, widow, in the name of William Denbigh Sloper Harrison, described as a bachelor, and hon. captain in the army, son of Francis Harrison Lord Denbigh, shipowner.

    A lady, who sat between both wives, here rose, and with much animation said: Sir, my sister beside me had the misfortune, as your worship will see by the certificate in your hand, to marry the prisoner, unfortunately without consulting her friends on the subject, and soon after spending a great deal of her money, he deserted her in a most heartless and scandalous manner.  He represented himself as captain in the army, who had seen great service, and possessed six medals, received for distinguished services rendered his country (laughter), and was possessed of considerable property, but, unfortunately, had lost much of it in speculation.

    Mr. Norton: Do you know, madam, whether your sister ever saw these Crimean medals?

    Lady: No, sir, she told me she had not, for that they were in pawn at Attenborough's, in Piccadilly. (Renewed laughter upon which the prisoner drawled out, "Oh, how cruel!")

    Mr. Norton (to the prisoner): Do you deny that you are the person described in this certificate as the William Denbigh Sloper Marshall who was married to Mrs. Sophia Davison?

ED. ― a note on the Smethurst case. On 3rd May, 1859, Miss Isabella Bankes, the mistress of Dr. Smethurst, died suddenly following an unknown illness and her doctors came to the conclusion that she had been poisoned with arsenic. Smethurst was charged with her murder. During his trial the expert witness for the prosecution was forced to admit that he had used impure copper during his testing, and so the arsenic he found had in fact been introduced by his own hand. Despite this flaw in the testimony, the trial judge's heavily prejudiced summing up led to Smethurst being convicted of murder. The verdict was denounced in the medical press as unjust, leading to the Home Secretary taking the unprecedented step of submitting all the facts to a well-known surgeon for an opinion as to the justice of the verdict. As a result Smethurst was reprieved and subsequently received a free pardon ― he was later convicted of bigamy and served a year in jail. Smethurst took legal action to recover the money Miss Bankes had left him in her will and having succeeded, returned to live with his wife.

. . . Prisoner (in a whining tone): No, sir; but I am sorry, for I know it was very wicked of me, very wicked indeed.

    Mr. Norton: And do you acknowledge, also, that you were the person who was married to Mrs. Jane Hayes, and to whom this other certificate refers?

    Prisoner: I do, sir; I know it was wicked.

    Inspector Emmerson, of the P division, said he had become acquainted some time ago with the history of the prisoner, and wished to say that his real name was Slopes, and not Marshall nor Harrison, and he was the illegitimate child of a female who subsequently married a man named Marshall.  This person was a dealer in bottles, and was engaged in bottling ale and beer for different people.

    Prisoner: I beg your pardon, he was a wine merchant, and supplied Windsor Castle, Buckingham House, and the Pavilion, with wines and ales.

    Mr. Norton: And does the fact of your father or step-father supplying Buckingham Palace or Windsor Castle justify you in assuming the term honourable? (Laughter.)

    Prisoner: Perhaps not.

    Mr. Emmerson: What I state, your worship, is quite correct, and it is singular enough that on one occasion the prisoner went with his step-father to bottle some ale at the house of a nobleman, and became so intimate with one of the young ladies that an elopement was arranged, and would in all probability have succeeded, had not one of the letters of the lady fallen into the hands of the prisoner's grandfather, who forwarded it to the nobleman, her father.

    Prisoner: Oh, how can you say all this, you ought to be ashamed of yourself.

    Mr. Norton: You are a nice person to moralise. (Laughter.)

    Prisoner (whining): Well, your worship, it's not true.

    Mr. Norton: Is it true that the prisoner has a third wife?

    Revill, the officer: I can't say at present, sir, but it is strongly suspected.  If your worship remands the prisoner I shall be able to find it out by the next examination.

The prisoner was remanded for further evidence, and a more insignificant or sneaking person never stood at or was removed from a bar of justice.

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CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.

FATAL ACCIDENT TO A GLASGOW TOURIST AT THE TROSSACHS.—We (Glasgow Herald) regret to announce the death of Mr. James Anderson, of Messrs. James Anderson and Co., calenderers, 170, Buchanan-street, a gentleman well known and much respected in this city.  It appears that on Saturday Mr. Anderson had gone with several others upon an excursion to the Trossachs.  On reaching Inversnaid, Mr. Anderson, in consequence of the regular day coach being crowded, hired a conveyance to carry him to the Trossachs, and was accompanied by a lady, said to be his wife, and Mr. Bissett, the representative of an English commercial house.  The road being very rough, and in some places precipitous—and at one part more than usually so—the horse shied and started off at a furious pace.  The two gentlemen jumped from the vehicle, but Mr. Anderson seems to have sustained such injury that his death must have been instantaneous, and Mr. Bissett and the lady were also very severely hurt.  The latter is not expected to live.  The driver has also sustained several injuries.

THE TERRIBLE RAILWAY ACCIDENT IN AMERICA.—The following is the account given of the terrible railway accident near Albany, by Mr. J. D. Dexter, a journalist, who was one of the passengers:—"About half-past six o'clock, the train, which was running at the rate of fifteen miles an hour, arrived at the bridge.  I was sitting in the forward passenger car, about one quarter the distance from the rear of the car, when I felt the engine apparently strike something.  Looking forward through one of the windows, I beheld the baggage cars dashing into the chasm, which was some sixty feet deep.  I immediately clutched the window and braced myself for the expected shock.  In a moment the passenger car in which I was, was following the baggage cars into the water; the seats began to fly in every direction; one struck me in the head and neck, loosening my hold and driving me with great force to the opposite side of the car, where, fortunately, I got my arm into another window, and held on firmly until the crisis was over.  When the car struck the bottom the seats and all the passengers except myself were driven by the force of the crash, which was tremendous, to the lower end of the car and into the water.  The front end of the car was broken to atoms for about one third of its length, the rear car pitching in behind and striking the bottom of the car which preceded it, and which stood nearly perpendicular upon its end in the water, crushing still further the forward passenger car, and causing it to fall back directly on the top of the rear car, which then stood at an angle of some ninety degrees, one end resting against the abutment of the bridge.  I then made my way out of the window to which I was clinging, and which was some twenty feet above the surface of the water, to the edge of which I lowered myself by means of the windows.  Here I found the passengers, shattered timbers, broken seats, baggage, etc., in one amalgamated mass, which completely choked up the chasm.  I immediately hastened to render whatever assistance I could to my fellow passengers, which was a work of no little difficulty and danger, owing to the position of the fragments of the broken cars.  The scene was one which utterly defies description; the shrieks of the wounded, the moans of the dying and agonized cries of help from all quarters were enough to daunt the bravest.  I noticed one young lady lying partially under water, with a large piece of timber across her neck, whom I supposed at first sight to be dead; she was bent in the water in such a way that just her head and shoulders were visible; on removing the timber to relieve others, I found to my great joy that she was still alive and almost entirely uninjured.  One man, who fell under the tender of the engine, had one leg broken, and was entirely covered with rubbish; he was for some time wildly shrieking for help before I could ascertain whence the sound proceeded.  At length I crawled over a portion of one of the broken cars, and commenced clearing away the wood and broken portions of the tender, until I discovered him just above the surface of the water, succeeding, after much labour, in extricating him from his dreadful position."

    FRIGHTFUL SUICIDE THROUGH JEALOUSY IN ST. PANCRAS.—On Tuesday afternoon a painful excitement prevailed in the neighbourhood of Charlton-street, Somers Town, St. Pancras, in consequence of a rumour that a married woman, named Susan Baggs, living at 70 in that street, had committed a most determined act of self-destruction, by leaping from the attic window of the house in which she resided.  It appeared that the husband of the unfortunate female had gone to the Crystal Palace to witness the Foresters' fete, and that she suspected he was there in company with another female.  She was observed subsequent to his departure to be in a desponding state.  About one o'clock she went up to an upper room, from the window of which she precipitated herself.  An alarm was at once raised, as she had been seen by some persons to do so, when several ran to her assistance in the back garden, where she lay in a state of insensibility, there being a quantity of blood upon the ground.  A medical gentleman was sent for, who promptly attended.  He recommended her immediate removal to the University College Hospital, where she was at once conveyed in a cab.  Her case, however, was pronounced a hopeless one by the medical officials, which unfortunately proved too true, as she died in about an hour after her admission.  She was in the 27th year of her age.

    ACCIDENT ON THE GLASGOW AND SOUTH-WESTERN RAILWAY.—An alarming accident occurred last week to the first ordinary train from Ayr to Glasgow, near Milliken Park Station.  The train was seen about four miles from the station approaching in the direction of Glasgow, when the accident took place.  Out of thirteen carriages, which formed the train, eight were thrown off the rails.  The others ran down the embankment, which is six feet deep, and maintained their position on the wheels.  The last carriage remained on the line off the rails, while the luggage van and the carriage next the engine kept the rails.  Medical assistance being procured, only six persons were found to have suffered, and none were seriously injured.

    COLLISION ON THE LANCASTER AND PRESTON RAILWAY.―About a quarter before six o'clock on Tuesday last a collision took place at the Maudland Station, Preston, on the Lancaster and Preston Railway, between an engine crossing the Lancashire and Preston line of rails, which at this point intersects the rails leading to the above-named station, and a goods train from the north coming up at a rather rapid rate.  Fortunately no one was injured, as the men in charge of each engine leaped off the tenders a few seconds before the collision.  Several rails were displaced, and the line was not sufficiently cleared to allow of uninterrupted traffic for some hours.

    FRIGHTFUL EXPLOSION OF GAS.—On the 20th inst., at an early hour, an explosion occurred at the residence of Mr. Wright, Earl-court, Brompton.  The family being out, and the female servants, smelling a strong smell of gas, thought it advisable to call in George Perry, a lamplighter.  On going upstairs he tried the various gas-pipes with a light, when a most tremendous explosion took place, blowing the roof off, and completely burying the unfortunate man in the ruins.  Help being summoned he was extricated and taken to Saint George's Hospital, where it was found that amputation of his leg was necessary, and he now lies in a very precarious condition.

    ANOTHER EXPLOSION.—On Saturday last an explosion took place at the percussion cap manufactory of Messrs. F. and A. Ludlow, in Birmingham, but happily unattended with loss of life.  At about a quarter past twelve o'clock at noon, it appears that three of the workpeople were dining in an outhouse, when an explosion took place  They were immediately thrown to the ground and literally buried in the debris of thee fallen house, but several persons came to their assistance, and in a few minutes they were extricated, and found to have sustained no injuries beyond a few scratches.  The precise spot whence the explosion emanated is at present a mystery, as is also its cause.  We believe, however, that there was but very slight damage done to the surrounding property.

    FRIGHTFUL SUICIDE IN ST. PANCRAS.—On Tuesday last in the neighbourhood of Chilton-street, Somers Town, St. Pancras, a married woman, named Susan Baggs, committed a most determined act of self-destruction, by leaping from the attic window of the house in which she resided.  She was at once conveyed in a cab to the University College Hospital, where she died in about an hour after her admission.  She was in the twenty-seventh year of her age.  Jealousy of her husband is said to have been the cause of the act.

    ACCIDENT ON THE LONDON AND SOUTH WESTERN RAILWAY.—An accident occurred on the Windsor and Reading branch of the South Western Railway on Saturday the 20th, to the express train, which leaves Windsor at 25 minutes past 11.  When within one mile of Feltham the engine suddenly left the rails, dragging the whole of the carriages with it, and, after proceeding up the line for about one hundred yards, tearing up the medals and chairs, it diverged to the left, ploughing its way into a stubble field, when the entire train fell over with a fearful crash, five of the carriages being smashed or broken.  Not a moment was lost in extricating the passengers from their perilous position, and happily not one life was sacrificed, nor apparently any serious injury inflicted, beyond the effects of violent shaking and extreme fright.

    FATAL ACCIDENT TO A RAILWAY GUARD.—A fatal accident occurred on Friday to a railway guard on the Liverpool and Manchester line.  The guard was missing at the Goldfield station, Manchester, and at the Victoria station he was found on the roof of the van quite dead.  It is supposed that he had been on the roof looking after some luggage, when his head came in contact with the arch of a bridge, fracturing his skull, and leaving him a corpse.  He was a married man, and has left a widow and family behind him.

    MYSTERIOUS DISAPPEARANCE.—Some excitement has been caused during the past fortnight (observes the Gloucestershire Chronicle) relative to the disappearance of a man named Williams, who has lately been employed by the Great Western Railway company.  It appeals that about a fortnight ago he suddenly disappeared from his lodgings and his employment, having a considerable sum of money in his possession, and although an animated inquiry has been instituted by the magistrates, every effort has been unsuccessful.

    Hall, the aeronaut, has died from the effects of the injuries he received in falling front his balloon on Monday, when it ascended from Newcastle, as already described.

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NAVAL AND MILITARY.

    WHAT A FRENCH SOLDIER HAS TO CARRY.—As the knapsack question is again the subject of public discussion it may be useful to know what a French soldier has to carry packed inside and strapped outside.  On the outside:—1. the tente abri and tent pole.  2. A blanket.  3. A waterproof cape, with hood.  4. A water bucket, used also as a camp kettle.  5. A. round loaf of black bread.  6. A tin pan.  7. A quart measure. Inside: 1. A pair of gaiters.  2. Two shirts.  3. A pair of shoes.  4. An order book.  5. A small canvas bag, containing an awl, five stout needles, a skein of scarlet thread, a skein of yellow thread, a skein of black thread, a thimble, shoe, clothes, and musket brushes, a small box containing the tools necessary to take a musket to pieces and put it together again, a grease box, a wax ditto.  6. Two pocket handkerchiefs.  7. 50 rounds of ball cartridge.

    TRIAL OF A TURKISH VESSEL OF WAR.—The trial of the second Turkish corvette, built by Messrs. Wigram and Sons, Blackwall, took place at the usual mile of measurement on the 20th inst., when an average speed of 10.615 knots an hour was attained.  The corvette is pierced for 19 guns, and her engines are of 150 horse power.

    The Duke of Somerset and the Lords of the Admiralty have left town on an official visit of inspection to Chatham and Sheerness.

    The men of the Royal and East India Engineers are still employed in their diving operations at Rochester-bridge, and have succeeded in raising several of the large masses of stone which were blown into the river from the old bridge on its being destroyed.  Some of the blocks of stone weigh upwards of half a ton each.  The diving operations are superintended by Mr. Heinke, the inventor of the apparatus used, who has been engaged by the Government for that purpose.

    It is mentioned as probable that the colonelcy of the 5th Dragoon Guards, vacant by the death of General Sir John Slade, will be conferred on Major-General the Earl of Cardigan, who is the senior cavalry general after those who have already been appointed to colonelcies.

    THE DUTIES OF VOLUNTEER RIFLE CORPS.—A letter has been addressed to Lord Vivian by the Right Hon. Sidney Herbert, Secretary at War, in which the latter observes:—"As regards the eight days' drill every four months, or twenty-four days in the year, which is the period prescribed by the regulations, they may be taken together or separately as the convenience of the volunteers may require, provided the term of twenty-four days is reached.  As regards 'days,' the Government are most anxious in this, as in all things, to give every fair latitude which will suit the convenience and facilitate the operations of the volunteers, who can in very few instances devote the mornings to their practice and instruction.  The evenings may, therefore, be counted as days, and your artillerymen will find that two or three hours' work with the great guns constitute a very fair day's work.  I hope these explanations will meet with the views of your volunteers, whose patriotism and public spirit deserve the thanks of the Government."

    The Norfolk Artillery, which are at present quartered at Sheerness, under the command of Colonel F. L. Astley, began their gun practice with round shot and shell last week.  The practice they made was excellent; the precision with which the gunners laid the guns showed the proficiency they have attained as artillerymen, seldom or never missing the target with shot or shell, and having to replace it every day.  All those who witnessed the practice were quite satisfied of the proficiency to which militia can be brought. This regiment was only embodied on the 5th of April.

    THE ARMY IN THE COLONIES.—In 1857 there were 48,901 non-commissioned officers and privates of her Majesty's forces in the colonies, against 47,651 in 1856, and 36,896 in 1855.  The forces were thus distributed, viz.:—In North America, 6,213; in Australia, 4,287; in the Mediterranean, 15,627 (Gibraltar, 5,144; and Malta, 7,055); the Cape of Good Hope, 11,225; the West Indies, 3,942; Bermuda, 1,128; Ceylon, 2,339; Hongkong 1,413; and the West of Africa, 969. There are no Queen's troops in Labuan.  The amount provided for this purpose out of the Imperial funds averages 3,182,743l. a year, and that set apart by the colonies themselves only 337,595l. a year.  With the exception of the Cape of Good Hope, Victoria, Guiana, and the whole of North America, the colonial expenditure in this paper represents almost entirely an expenditure on the Queen's forces, either in the shape of a contribution to the British Treasury, or else of an outlay on barracks, forts, or other military works.  At the Cape there is an armed mounted police, consisting of about 400 men, which cost the colony, in 1857, 32,505l.  At Victoria there was an expenditure in 1857 of about 5,400l. on volunteer corps; at Guiana upwards of 9.000l. was expended on militia; the whole of the expenditure in North America is exclusively on militia.  The numbers of that force by the latest returns were as follows,—viz., Canada, 236,427; Nova Scotia, 53,920; New Brunswick, 30,800; Newfoundland, nil; and in Prince Edward's Island, 6,886, making a gross total of 328,033. The German Legion is separately noticed as follows:—The German Legion sailed towards the end of 1856, and arrived at the Cape in January, 1857. The following is a statement of the expenditure on them, so far as yet ascertained, including an issue of about 43,500l. as an allowance to them to build dwellings, and an issue of 11,500l. for outfits, viz., in 1857, 102,402l.; in 1858 (partly estimated), 90,170l.  The number of the German Legion landed at the Cape, as reported by the Governor, was about 2,300.  In October, 1858, the Governor reported that about 1,028 of the Legion had volunteered to proceed for service to India, and that only 1,042 non-commissioned officers and privates remained in Cape Colony.  The numbers not accounted for must be presumed to have quitted the corps.  No later report of their numbers has been received.

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IRELAND

    After a considerable delay the result of the deliberations of the Irish Roman Catholic hierarchy on the question of education have at length been made public.  The mixed system is condemned entirely, and a claim is put in for a separate grant to Catholic Schools, as in England.  Intermediate mixed education is also condemned, and on that ground the Queen's Colleges are objected to.  This decision has already borne its fruits.  The Catholic members of the Board of National Education are withdrawing from it, and it is beyond doubt that the whole influence of the Catholic clergy in Ireland will be directed to the withdrawal of the children of their communion from the national schools.

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LAUGHING MATTERS.

    A lady observing the following notice on a board, "Horses taken to grass: long tails, three shillings and sixpence; short tails, two shillings," asked the owner of the land the reason for the difference in price, "Why, you see, ma'am," he replied, "long tails can brush away the flies, but the short tails are so tormented that they can hardly eat at all."

    "Talking of getting a good deal out of a little piece of land," said Simson, "why, I bought an acre of old Mr. Ross, planted one acre of it with potatoes and the other with corn."  "I thought you said you bought only one acre, Simson?" remarked the listener.  "How could you plant two?"  "Very easily, sir, I stood it up on the end, and planted both sides of it."

    The landlord of an hotel entered, in an angry mood, the sleeping apartment of a delinquent boarder, and demanded payment, adding angrily, "And I tell you now that you don't leave my house till you pay it."—"Good!" said the lodger; "just put that in writing; make a regular agreement of it; I'll stay with you as long as I live!" was the cool rejoinder.

    A dandy with more beauty than brains, married an heiress, who, although very accomplished, was by no means handsome.  One day he said to her: "My dear, as ugly as you are, I love you as well as though you were pretty."  "Thank you, love," was the reply: "I can return the compliment, for fool as you are, I love you as though you had wit."

    An urchin in a country school was reading the verse in the New Testament which reads thus: "And he saw Abraham afar off with Lazarus in his bosom."  The boy gravely spelt it out thus: "And he-saw a-broom afar-off with-leather-ears in Boston."

    "Did the wind blow out your way last night, Charley?"  "No, it didn't blow my way out; for I saw it perfectly clear."  "Yes, I perceive your still have a bad way about you—your old habits."  "I expect to have till after my tailor's bill is paid—then I may hope for a new suit."

    When John wants a hot bath, and hasn't the change to pay for it, he has only to tell his girl that he has about made up his mind to select another sweetheart, and he is in hot water directly.

    "Oh, my dear, how come you so wet?" inquired an affectionate mother of her son.  "Why, ma, one of the boys said I daren't jump into the creek, and I can tell you I ain't to be dared."

    A retired schoolmaster excuses his passion for angling, by saying that, from constant habit, he never feels quite himself unless he is handling the rod.

    "They tell me wine gives strength," said Fox, one day, "and yet I, who have just drank three bottles, cannot keep myself on my legs!"

    Most kinds of roots and barks are now used as medicines, except the cube root and the bark of a dog.

    A Frenchman has written to say that he has invented a remedy for the 2-thake, which will allevi-8 all pain 4-thwith.

    About the only person we ever heard of that was not spoiled by being lionized, was a Jew, named Daniel.

    The gentleman who stood upon ceremony has lost his footing, and now finds that he has slipped out of a very pleasant circle.

    Profound silence in a public assemblage has been thus neatly described  "One might have heard the stealing of a pocket-handkerchief."

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    EMIGRATION.―The number of emigrants who sailed from the United Kingdom during the forty-four years from 1815 to 1858 inclusive amounted to 4,797,166.  Of these 1,180,046 went to the North American colonies; 2,890,403 to the United States; 652,910 to the Australian colonies and New Zealand; and 73,807 to other places.  The average annual emigration from the United Kingdom from 1815 to 1858 amounted to 109,026; for the ten years ending 1858, to 261,865.

THE CHARTIST MOVEMENT.

    OLD BASFORD.—MANHOOD SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION.—Mr. Eligh Brown chairman.  After our local business a subscription was entered into for the Testimonial, and a committee was formed to get up a tea-party for the benefit of the Testimonial.  Mr. Richard Williamson and Mr. Eligh Brown were elected delegates to represent Old Basford at the forthcoming delegate meeting, to be held at Mr. Wm. Hickling's, Southwark, Old Basford, on Sunday, September 4th, at 2 o'clock p.m.  We shall be glad to see delegates from the surrounding districts.—W. HICKLING, Secretary.

    BRADFORD.―A meeting of the members of the N.C.A. will be held on Sunday next, August 28th, at 10 o'clock in the morning, at Ambler's Temperance Hotel, Market-place.—R. CAMERON.

    NORTHAMPTON.―Mr. Wilson in the chair.  A number of contributions were promised, and four persons were appointed to wait upon all known friends.  We meet next Sunday evening at Mr. Wilson's, 4, Dover-street, at 6 o'clock, when all readers of the Cabinet Newspaper and friends to the cause are respectfully invited to attend.—H. FLEMING, Secretary.

    TOWER HAMLET PARLIAMENTARY REFORM ASSOCIATION.―(Bethnal-green Branch.).—A goodly feeling prevailed throughout the meeting (which was a good one), at Twig Folly, last Sunday morning, Messrs. Longmaid and Neeson being greatly applauded at various parts of their speeches by the audience, several of whom promised Mr. Longmaid they would join our association.  On Monday night we met at "Shipley's Coffee House," 227, Bethnal-green-road, Mr. Longmaid in the chair.  Mr. Haines read No. 2 of the "Evenings with the people" which elicited some encomiums.  A new member was enrolled.  On Monday evening week, Sept. 5th, the "Magna Charta," or the "Bill of Rights," will be read.  Discussion to take place afterwards.  All friends of progress respectfully invited.  Chair to be taken at half-past eight o'clock. J. SHIPWAY, Treasurer J. SIMPSON, Secretary.

    NOTTINGHAM.―The Manhood Suffrage Association met at the Fox and Hounds.  Mr. Ward was called to the chair.  The testimonial committee gave in their report, and it was highly satisfactory as far as they had gone.  Mr. Wm. Smith, Commercial Coffee Rooms, No. 7, Hounds-gate, has kindly consented to become treasurer to the testimonial fund; at his house all subscriptions will be received and duly acknowledged.  All friends are requested to attend next Sunday night, at eight o'clock, to elect delegates to the forthcoming delegate meeting at Baxford.—JOHN KIRK, Secretary, No. 18, Cavendish-street.

    CALEDONIAN FIELDS,—Sunday, August 21—Messrs. John-stone and Bligh addressed a large meeting in the Caledonian and Britannia Fields on the Strike and Manhood Suffrage.   The attendance was very large, and an excellent feeling was evinced for the building trades and reform.  Meetings in the Caledonian Fields at 11 a.m.; Britannia at 6 p.m., next Sunday, and at the Alma Arms, Chapel-street, Islington, at 8.

    STALEYEBRIDGE.—Chartist Meeting Room, Quarry-street, High-street.—A full members' meeting will take place in the above meeting, on Sunday afternoon, August 28, on business of great importance to the members.  The doors will be opened at half-past five.—Wm. HILL.

    MANCHESTER.—At a meeting held in the People's Institute, on Wednesday evening, August 24, a committee of fourteen persons were appointed to manage the affairs relating to the Testimonial to Mr. Ernest Jones, collect subscriptions, &c.  The committee will meet at the People's Institute every Wednesday night, at half-past seven o'clock.  Send us a few more sheets.—Mr. Abbot, Mr. Rushton, Mr. Hooson, Mr. Gill, Mr. Porter, Mr. Lowe, Mr. Entwistle, Mr. Hogg, Mr. Cunliffe, Mr. Bowes, Hargreave, Mr. Paulding, Mr. Hemmingway.—Mr. GILL, Chairman; Mr. HODSON; Treasurer, Mr. J. E. BENSON, Secretary to the Committee.

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HOME NOTES.

    PETITIONS: During the short session of Parliament which has just closed, popular sentiments have been expressed by means of 1,929 petitions, having 220,459 signatures attached to them.  For shortening the hours of work in mines, 58,737 signatures have been recorded; against excluding the Bible from schools in India, 51,118; against certain proposed changes in the Scottish Universities, 22,946; in favour of legalising marriage with a deceased wife's sister, 10,692, and against that measure, 3,637; against the Endowed Schools Bill, 8,070, and for that measure, 3,055; for the Ballot, 7,533; for the regulating the measuring of gas, 7,453; for separating Protestant and Roman Catholic children in schools, 7,011; for prohibiting the opium trade, 4,789; for altering the law of landlord and tenant in Ireland, 3,532; for repeal of Paper Duty, 2,898; against Church Rate Abolition Bill, 2,731; in favour of, 193; against abolishing Church Rates without an equivalent, 2,181; for repeal of Maynooth College Act, 1,926; against saluting the Host at Malta, 1,950; for ameliorating the condition of national school teachers, 1,896; for reducing the duty on hops, 1,678; and for the removing restrictions from free and grammar schools, 1,559.  For reform in Parliament there are 127 applicants, and for universal suffrage 1.

    THE OLD SEA SERPENT AGAIN.—The schooner "Arabella," Capt. Boothby, arrived here last evening from Wells, Me.  Capt. B. states that off Boon Island, Lege, he and his crew distinctly saw, about a hundred rods from the vessel, a shoal of whales eight or ten in number.  Among them was one answering the description of the sea serpent.  The monster several times raised his head ten or twelve feet, and sometimes higher, from the surface of the water, then plunged it beneath; and while his head was under water, he unmercifully thrashed the whales with his tail.  All hands and the captain were witnesses of this sport some considerable time.

    EARTHQUAKE IN ENGLAND.—About 10.15 a.m. on Saturday, August 13, Diss, in Norfolk, and neighbourhood were visited by one or more separate vibrations of the earth's surface.  Not a cloud was visible, but many persons who felt the vibration were also attracted by a low rumbling noise like distant thunder.  The shock was distinctly felt by three or four gentlemen sitting in a reading-room connected with the corn hall, all simultaneously wondering as to the extraordinary trembling produced.  A person from a village called Kenninghall, about seven miles distant (and where the vibration must have been much greater), with many of her neighbours, ran out of their houses quite alarmed, and the parish of Hopton experienced the same shock.

    THE DUKE AND THE LAMPPOST.—A lengthened correspondence between the Duke of Wellington and Sir Richard Mayne has been published by order of the House of Commons.  The Duke and the policeman are evidently very intimate, calling each other "Dear Sir Richard," and "My dear Duke of Wellington."  The Inspector appointed to investigate the matters gives a verdict hostile to the Duke, and yet " Dear Sir Richard" continues the police nuisance at Apsley House!

    GOING HOME.—The Prince of Oude and attendants left Southampton on Saturday, in the steamship "Ceylon," for Alexandria, from whence they will depart for India.  The unostentatious manner in which the Prince embarked in the Ceylon presented a striking contrast with the splendour amid which he landed at Southampton about three years since.

    SPARROWS FOR NEW ZEALAND.—It appears from the papers that in New Zealand the country, at particular seasons, is invaded by armies of caterpillars, which clear off the grain crops as completely as if mowed down by a scythe.  With the view of counteracting this plague a novel importation has been made.  It is thus noticed by the Southern Cross:—"Mr. Brodie has shipped 300 sparrows on board the Swordfish, carefully selected from the best hedgerows in England.  The food alone, he informs us, put on board for them, cost 18l.  This sparrow question has been a long-standing joke in Auckland; but the necessity to farmers of small birds to keep down the grubs is admitted on all sides.  There is no security in New Zealand against the invasion of myriads of caterpillars which devastate the crops.  Mr. Brodie has already acclimatised the pheasant, which is abundant in the north.  The descent from the pheasant to sparrows is somewhat of an anticlimax; but should the latter multiply, the greatest benefit will have been conferred on the country."

TIGHT ROPE FEAT AT NIAGARA.
(From the Buffalo Express, Aug. 4.)

    Niagara Falls was a swarming hive again yesterday, filled and overflowing with an immense throng of people, collected to witness the fourth repetition of M. Blondin's daring feat of crossing the chasm upon a cable stretched between the cliffs.  The crowd gathered was almost, if not quite, equal to that assembled upon any former occasion; and the gathering was warranted, for the sight which was witnessed surpassed all the previous exhibitions of the same character.  Mons. Blondin rode into the pleasure ground on this side about half-past four o'clock, and started upon his aerial journey after a few moments of delay in preparation.  His trip across to the Canadian shore was accomplished quickly, as he proceeded at a tripping pace most of the distance, and only paused a few seconds occasionally to correct his balance and obtain slight rest.  All of his feats he reserved for his return journey.  Arrived at the Canadian bank, he refreshed himself a little, and took a rest of perhaps fifteen minutes, when he again stepped upon the rope and tripped down the slant, airy plane, toward "the land of the free and the home of the brave."  When about half-way to the centre he stopped and sat down, then stretched himself at full length upon the rope, then performed a number of daring antics, and finally stood upright upon his head, remaining in that reversed position for a length of time which seemed a moment at least, swinging and kicking his feet in the most reckless though ludicrous manner that can be conceived.  Resuming his journey, he proceeded but a little way when he again halted and repeated his performance, with the addition of a backward somersault, and one or two sudden swings round the rope, which caused a general flutter among the hearts of the spectators, and brought little screams from many of the ladies.  Starting forward again, he proceeded to the open space in the centre, between the extreme guy ropes that branch off to either bank, where the cable spans the gulf without stay or accompaniment.  Here he paused again, and laying his pole upon one of the guy ropes, he swung himself under the cable and ran across this central space of single cord, in the style of a monkey; hanging beneath, and swinging himself along by his hands and feet, with great rapidity.  Going back again in the same gymnastic manner, when he had returned to the point where his poll rested, he began a series of performances which outdid in thrilling and startling effect upon the nerves of the spectators all that he had done before.  Clutching the rope with his hands, he swung his body clear from it, and hung for a lengthy period of more than ten seconds, suspended by the arms, and by one arm, over the fearful depth of the chasm.  Then he repeatedly turned such a suspended somersault as is peculiar to boys, throwing his feet over his head and between his arms, and hanging with the shoulder joints in a most unnatural position.  Then he straightened his body into a horizontal position, still suspended by the arms, thrown backward as described—an exertion requiring immense strength, and calculated to exhaust the nervous system tremendously.  After this he suspended himself by the legs, and by one single leg, hanging head downward—whirled round the rope—turned more somersaults—stood upon his head again—and, in fact, performed nearly all the most reckless teats attempted by tight rope performers under ordinary circumstances.  Twice again before reaching the bank he halted and repeated some of these antics, seeming determined to fatigue himself to the last point of endurance, and thoroughly satisfy the spectators with his exhibition of daring and skill.  And they were satisfied, beyond question.  The performance was wonderful, and exciting enough for the most greedy seeker after sensations; and was by far the greatest yet given by Mons. Blondin.

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DESPERATE AFFRAY.

    Since out last issue our quiet town has been thrown into a high state of excitement by a report that there had occurred on the public square of our sister town, Huntsville, a fatal rencoutre, wherein Mr. Forester Black, son of Colonel William Black, of this city, and Mr. Warren Sams, a merchant of Huntsville, were killed immediately, and John Black and Dr. James Smithson, of this city, and Constable Moody and James Sams, of Huntsville, were severely wounded.  All the above-named parties were personally known to most of our citizens, and the utmost anxiety was felt and manifested to know the particulars of the distressing tragedy.  We proceed to give the particulars of the affair as it has been detailed to us by several eye-witnesses.  It appears that on Friday, the 24th inst., some altercation between James Sams, the Son Of Warren Sams, and Forester Black took place, in which insulting words and threatening actions were used by young Sams towards Black.  No collision, however, resulted at this time, and it was supposed that there would be no further quarrel.  Several hours afterwards some hard words were interchanged between Warren Sams and Forester Black, when both drew weapons, the former a bowie-knife and the latter a revolver.  Black's pistol missed fire twice, and was discharged at Sams twice, the last shot, as is supposed, taking effect in the head of Sams, Sams in the meantime advancing on Black with his knife.  One of our informants states that Sams was in the act of falling when the report of firearms from an unexpected quarter was heard, and Sams fell instantly.  Just at this time young Sams came running up with a double-barrelled shot-gun, and discharged one barrel at the distance of six or eight feet into the side of Mr. Black, and just as he was falling fired the other barrel into his back, both barrels heavily charged with buckshot.  Young Sams then attacked Dr. James Smithson, knocking him down with his gun, when Dr. D. C. Smithson, a brother of James, advancing to aid his brother, struck at Sams with a gun, but missed him and felled his brother to the ground.  James Smithson, who, it seems, was unarmed, wrested the shot-gun from the hands of D. C, Smithson and chased young Sams off the ground, snapping the gun at him in his flight.  Several pistol shots were fired and bowie-knives used by some persons as yet unknown, probably by interested spectators.  An idea may be formed of the unparalleled savageness of this street fight, when it is considered that Warren Sams was shot with ten pistol balls and stabbed once or twice in the breast; that Forester Black was shot twice with a double-barrelled shot, John Black and James Smithson wounded in the thigh, James Sams stabbed with a bowie-knife, and Mr. Moody severely wounded in the leg; and, further, that after the fight had ended, four revolvers were found lying upon the ground of battle, three of which were entirely empty, and one partially discharged.  Not a sound was heard after the shooting commenced, save the sharp, quick report of the revolver, the stunning sound of the deadly shot-gun, and the clash of cold steel, until Sams and Black had fallen and their lifeblood was pouring forth through the ghastly and fatal wounds.  The scene of this tragedy was enough to sicken a manly heart.  A young man in the morning of his life, and a mature man in the autumn of his days, lying within a few feet of each other, their lives pouring out in torrents of blood, and four others bleeding from severe wounds; but imagination can feebly depict the heartrending lamentations of mothers, sisters, wives, relatives, and friends.  Our informant says but a minute or two had elapsed after the firing before the square was covered with near a hundred women, who made the town resound with their frantic screams and wild cries of grief.  We learn that warrants have been issued for the apprehension of several supposed to be connected with the affray, but no examination has at this date (June 29) been had.  Forester Black was formerly a resident of this city; was a graduate of the Lebanon, Tennessee, Law School, and had been for several years located at Huntsville in the practice of his profession.  He was much esteemed by his brother lawyers, and had many warm personal friends.  We knew him as an intelligent, social, generous, unselfish gentleman, honourable and high-minded in his intercourse, whose heart was bound to his friends with cords of triple steel.  He thus, unfortunately, fell at the age of 25 years, leaving a young wife, sisters and brothers, and an aged father to bewail his untimely end.—Fayetteville Arkansian, July 2.

THE MARKETS.
                                          Thursday Evening, August 25.

    The scrip of the new Indian Loan was quoted during the greater part of the day 97⅞ to 98, but rose late in the afternoon to 98⅛ to ⅝, or say 1⅛ to 1⅜ prem.  Consols closed at 95½.  Three per Cent. Consols for money opened this morning, 95½, ⅝, ⅜; ditto, for account (7th Sept.), 95½, ⅞.  Indian Four per Cent. Debentures, 1858, 95½; ditto, 1859, 95.  Exchequer Bills have again declined 1s. to 2s., closing at 20s. to 23s. prem.  The foreign stock market was quiet, but steady.
    SUGAR.―Porto Rico, 37s to 46s; Havannah, 36s 6d to 40s; Guatemala, 32s to 38s.
   COFFEE.―Nothing of interest has transpired in the market.
    TEA.—No change.
    METALS.―Scotch pig iron, is steady at 53s.  Spelter firm at 21l. 10s on the spot.  All other metals remain inactive.
    COTTON.—American, from 4¾d to 9d; Surat, 5d to 5¾d; Egyptian, 8d to 8¾d; Bahia, 7¾d to 8d; Maranham, 8⅛d to 8½d.
    CORN.—Wheat, English, red, from 44s to 50s according to weight and condition; Salevern, 52s to 53s for superior.  Foreign was held for late rates generally.  Flour in slow request.  Top price of town made, 43s; town households, 36s to 37s; Norfolk, 30s for approved qualities.  Barley realised full prices for both malting and grinding qualities.  Malt is held firmly at late quotations.  Beans and peas brought quite as much money.  For oats the trade was slow and light; Russian rather easy to purchase.
    MEAT.—The weather continues to operate against trade, which is dull.  Supplies have, however, been moderated to the demand, and prices are without material change.
    BUTTER.—1sts, 108s; 2nds, 104s; 3rds, 93s; 4ths, 84s; 5ths, 66s; 6ths, 52s.
    COALS.—Best house coals, 16s 6d to 17s; seconds, 15s to 15s 6d; Hartleys, 13s 3d to 14s; manufacturers, 12s 3d to 13s 3d.

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FROM THE LONDON GAZETTES.
FRIDAY, AUGUST 19.
BANKRUPTS.

ASHER WEINTHAL, Cannon-street, warehouseman.
CHARLES THOMAS INGRAM, Fenchurch-street, oil merchant.
LEVI COBB, Liverpool, eating-house keeper.
HENRY STUREMBURG and WILLIAM GOLDENSTEDT, Liverpool
    ship brokers.
WILLIAM LINDOP, Newcastle-under-Lyme, brush
    manufacturer.
CLEMENT EDWARD DAVIES, Gainsborough, spirit merchant.

TUESDAY, AUGUST 23.
BANKRUPTCY ANNULLED.

THOMAS HORNER, St. John-street, Bridport-place, Haxton,
    surgeon.

BANKRUPTS.

WILLIAM WALLYER WALKYIER, Sandown, Isle of Wight,
    postmaster.
WILLIAM SEAGER, Phillip's-place, Shooter's-hill-road,
    Greenwich, builder.
JAMES BROADHURST, Albert-street, Kennington, and
    Carlisle-street, Lambeth, builder.
JAMES DOHERTY, Birmingham, draper.
SAMUEL MARSH, late of Nottingham, lace manufacturer.
WILLIAM NECK PECKINS, Torquay, auctioneer.
EDWARD CLEMENT DAVIES, Gainsborough, chemist.
JOHN LYONS, Sheffield, steel manufacturer.
ELI ORMROD and RICHARD ROBERTS, Manchester, commission
    agents.
SAMUEL NEWTON, Stockport, and Dove-bank Mills, within
    Mellor, Derbyshire, cotton manufacturer.
SAMUEL MIDDLETON, Oldham, ironmonger.
ROBERT CALDECOTT, Manchester, boardinghouse-keeper.
EDWARD EMERSON FENWICK, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, wine
    merchant.

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    "A young minister dined with the farmer in the afternoon when services were over, and his appetite was so sharp, that he thought it necessary to apologise to his host for eating so substantial a dinner—'You see,' he said, 'I am always very hungry after preaching.'  The old gentleman, not much admiring the youth's pulpit ministrations, having heard this apology two or three times, at last replied sarcastically, 'Indeed, sir, I'm no surprised at it, considering the trash that comes aff your stomach in the morning.'" *  *  *  * "A clergyman from a distance having come to officiate in the parish church, the betheral, knowing the terms on which it was usual for the minister officiating to pray for the efficiency of the local magistracy, quietly cautioned the clergyman before service that, in regard to the town-council there, it would be quite out of place for him to pray that they should be a 'terror to all evil doers,' because, as he said, the 'poor auld bodies could be nae terror to onybody.'" *  *  *  * "I have another story of canine misbehaviour in church.  A dog was present during the service, and in the sermon the worthy minister was in the habit of speaking loud, and, in fact, when he got warmed with his subject, of shouting almost to the top of his voice.  The dog who, in the early part, had been very quiet, became quite excited, as is not uncommon with some dogs when hearing a noise, and from whinging and whining, as the speaker's voice rose loud and strong, at last began to bark and howl.  The minister, naturally much annoyed at the interruption, called upon the betheral to put out the dog, who at once expressed his readiness to obey the order, but could not resist the temptation to look up to the pulpit, and to say very significantly, 'Ay, ay, sr; but indeed it was yersel began it.'"—Reminiscences of Scottish Life and Character.

    HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT AND PILLS.—THE PEOPLE'S COMFORT.—In all bodily afflictions, whether they be obvious on the surface, or deeply hidden in the interior, the sufferer will find relief in Holloway's remedies.  The merest scratches and foulest ulcers are cured by this healing ointment, which does not skin over the sores, but penetrates to their sources, purifies their foundations, and raises sound and healthy flesh, and thus it works a permanent cure, and prevents the recurrence of the same or any other diseases.  Holloway's pills much augment the effect of his ointment.  Both are products of the vegetable kingdom, free alike from all mineral and poisonous compounds.  Mother, nurse, or patient, may put implicit faith in the curative powers of Holloway's preparations.

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"For the labourer is worthy of his hire."
"Thou shalt not oppress the hireling in his wages."

RATEPAYERS' NATIONAL LABOUR ALLIANCE, for the Payment of WAGES WITHOUT STOPPAGES.  To relieve the rates by bettering the condition of the Poor in the Earnings of their Labour—to prohibit the robbery of Wages by Stoppages—to rescue the Ratepayers from paying the Wages of the Stoppage Manufacturing Employers.  General Manager, Mr. Jeremiah Briggs, Solicitor, 5, High Pavement, and 6, Hound's Gate, Nottingham.

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    REFORMER'S LIBRARY, 240, Strand, London.—Voltaire's "Philosophical Dictionary," in parts at 2d. each, or two vols. cloth, 6s.
    Thomas Paine's "Age of Reason," and other Theological Works, 3s.  The only complete edition.
    Large Portrait of Paine, 1s.
    "The Elements of Social Science; or Physical, Sexual, and Natural Religion."  Containing an exposition of the true cause and only cure of the three primary Social Evils—Poverty, Prostitution, and Celibacy. 450 pages. Second Edition.  Price 2s., or in cloth, 2s. 6d.
    "The Influence of Woman in Society." By J. Donaldson, Price 2d.
    "Canterbury versus Rome, and Christianity in Relation to Both.  Price 6d. (published at 1s.).
    By Ernest Jones, "Notes to the People."  Contains "Beldagon Church," "The Painter of Florence," "De Brassier, a Democratic Romance," &c. By Ernest Jones. 520 pages, 8vo. Price 1s. 6d.
    "Napoleon the Little." By Victor Hugo. 9d.
    Felix Pyatt's Letter to Queen Victoria." 1d.
    An Essay on the Nine Hours' Movement." By J. B. Leno. 2d.
    To ensure the delivery of any of the above, write direct to E. Truelove, 240, Strand,

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POLITICAL EQUITY.—EQUITABLE SUFFRAGE SOCIETY.—The SUFFRAGE to be EQUAL and JUST.  Every Man to have a VOTE, but ONE Vote only—that is, Equitable and Universal Suffrage.
    THREE Members to be returned; whereby, every class will be represented; namely, the Higher Class, the Middle Class, and the Lower Class.  No Split Votes. 661 Members to be returned by 220 Constituencies of Three Members each, with London Four.  Every man to vote for ONE Candidate; whereby no Class can command two-thirds of the Constituency.
    All men joining the Equitable Suffrage Society, to write or send to the General Manager, Mr. Jeremiah Briggs, solicitor, No, 6, Hounds Gate, or No. 5, High Pavement, Nottingham.

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Printed by and for ERNEST JONES, and Published by him at his Office, 17, Exeter Street, Strand, W.C